Description: This drawing by Lt. Henry O. Dwight depicts the confrontation between his unit, the 20th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and the veteran 7th Texas Infantry Regiment on May 12, 1863, during the Battle of Raymond (Mississippi). Dwight, an amateur artist, titled his drawing "A Question of Right of Way - 20th Ohio VS. 7th Texas." In the foreground, Ohio soldiers lie on the ground in a row, firing at the Texans, who are barely visible behind a curtain of smoke, trees, and brush. The body of one casualty from the Ohio unit lays face down (lower right foreground). Two men from the 20th each have taken cover behind a tree. The figure that commands the viewer's attention, however, is that of the Ohio officer who calmly refills his meerschaum pipe while standing in clear view of the enemy. Dwight later wrote a compelling account of the battle that was published in the "New York Semi-Weekly Tribune" on November 19, 1886. In this article he recalls the episode of the pipe-smoking officer: "All this time we were hanging on to the bank of the brook with those fellows pouring gun smoke in our faces and we answering back so fast that the worst game of football is nothing to the fatigue of it. As for the noise of that discussion between the 20th Ohio and the 7th Texas, a clap of thunder is nowhere. It was more like a sheet of thunder, a wicked roar with no separation between the bolts, and all the time the Johnnies made it hot for us in flank and rear as well as in front. "The Johnnies seemed rather to like it. We could see them tumble over pretty often, but those who were left didn't mid it. One officer, not more than thirty feet from where I stood quietly loaded up an old meerschaum [pipe] and lit a match. His pistol was hanging from his wrist. When he got his pipe agoing, he got hold of his pistol and went on popping away at us as leisurely as if he had been shooting rats." The Battle of Raymond was one episode in the Vicksburg Campaign, whose success was a major victory for the Army of the Tennessee, commanded by Maj. General Ulysses S. Grant. The Union Army thus gained control of the Mississippi River, and the Confederacy was split in two. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06950
Subjects: Drawings (visual works); Civil War 1861-1865; United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Pictorial works; Dwight, Henry Otis, 1843-1917; United States. Army. Ohio Infantry Regiment, 20th (1861-1865); Battlefields
Places: Raymond (Mississippi)
 

Description: Canal plat map showing a section of the Miami and Erie Canal through Henry County, between stations 1326 and 1529. The Maumee River, Bad Creek, and the village of Texas are pictured, and properties, bridges, stations, locks, and other landmarks along the route are noted. The map was created under the direction of the members of the Canal Commission of the state of Ohio and approved by the Chief Engineer of the Department of Public Works (variously referred to as the Board of Public Works and the Division of Public Works). Construction on the Miami and Erie Canal took place between 1825 and 1845, and the finished route connected Cincinnati and Toledo, as well as the Ohio River with Lake Erie. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: BV4923_008
Subjects: Miami and Erie Canal (Ohio); Transportation; Canals -- Ohio; Rivers--Ohio
Places: Texas (Ohio); Henry County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of class 44-1-7, the graduating class of 1944 at the Navigation School at Hondo, Texas. C. Walder Parke was made a 2nd Lieutenant on the same day as his graduation. Charles Walder Parke was born on July 28, 1924, and grew up in Shaker Heights, Ohio. He enlisted in the United States Army Air Forces in 1942 intending to be a pilot during WWII, but spent most of his military career as a navigator on B-17 Flying Fortresses in the 94th Bombardment Group. Parke earned two Bronze Stars, an Air Medal with several Oak Leaf Clusters, and the Distinguished Flying Cross for his successful bombing missions, including some over Berlin. He is best known for being on board a B-17 which was shot down over France by German planes on June 25, 1944, during a non-combat mission. The crew managed to make an emergency landing, and everyone inside survived. After the war, Parke founded the Cleveland-based Laurel Industries Inc., which became a prominent supplier of antimony oxide to the plastics industry. He died of Lou-Gehrig’s Disease on September 15, 1996, at the age of 72. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: MSS1510_B03F02_017
Subjects: Navigation School (Hondo Army Air Field, Texas); Parke, Charles Walder, 1924-1996; Flight navigators, Military
Places: Hondo (Texas); Medina County (Texas)
 

Description: This is a photograph of a guidon of the 71st Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry. The swallowtail flag has a blue field with thirty four stars representing the states of the Union at the beginning of the Civil War. The Ohio 71st was organized at Camp Tod in Troy, Ohio from September 1861 to January 1862. They were involved the Battle of Shiloh, the Atlanta Campaign, the Siege of Atlanta, The Battle of Lovejoy's Station, the Battle of Jonesboro, Franklin-Nashville campaign, the Battle of Franklin and the Battle of Nashville. They were mustered out on November 30, 1865 in San Antonio, Texas. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL02025
Subjects: Flags--Ohio; United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865
Places: Troy (Ohio); Miami County (Ohio)
 

Description: Jacquelyn Mayer with Bert Parks and Penny Rudd, Miss Texas 1962, at the Miss America pageant, 1962. Mayer, a Sandusky, Ohio, native, won the Miss America pageant that year and became Miss America for 1963. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL03477
Subjects: Pageants; Cultural Ohio--Popular Culture
Places: Atlantic City (New Jersey)
 

Description: Two photographs show Akron native Judith Resnik in January 1978, when she was named an astronaut candidate. The photographs measure 8" x 10" (20.32 x 25.4 cm). Resnik (1949-1986) was born in Akron and graduated from Firestone High School. She earned a bachelor of science degree in electrical engineering from Carnegie-Mellon University in 1970, and a doctorate in electrical engineering from the University of Maryland in 1977. She began working at RCA as a design engineer in 1971 and was a biomedical engineer and staff fellow in the Laboratory of Neurophysiology at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, from 1974 to 1977. She was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in 1978. During her first mission in space, Resnik and the crew of the Discovery became known as "Icebusters" by successfully removing hazardous ice particles from the orbiter using the Remote Manipulator System. Resnik was killed during her second mission on January 28, 1986 when the space shuttle Challenger exploded shortly after liftoff. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3110_3671690_001
Subjects: Transportation; Science and Technology; Ohio Women; Flight; Aeronautics; Astronauts; Space flight; Resnik, Judith, 1949-1986; Discovery (Spacecraft); Challenger (Spacecraft)
Places: Akron (Ohio); Summit County (Ohio); Houston (Texas)
 

Description: This is a photo of a student at the Ohio State School for the Blind touching a model of an artesian well to develop a mental image. The model incorporates pipes for the well and shows the different series of rock. Reverse reads: “ARTESIAN WELL – Artesian well is a well formed by boring or drilling into a layer of porous rock or earth, which brings water from some higher point. Such a layer or stratum lying between two impervious layers of rock or clay is shown in the model. The rain falls upon it, where it is exposed, and seems inward, prevented by the harder rock below from going directly down. If a well is bored at any point between outcropping ends, water will be forced into it, perhaps flowing freely at the surface according to the principles explained by the lower half of the model. The name artesian was formerly restricted to flowing wells, and is derived from the province of Artois, Frank, where this type of well was first popular. Most artesian wells supply pure drinking water, excellent for domestic purposes, and for stock, though often containing minerals. They are common in many regions, where surface water of good quality is not easily obtained. In recent years, a large number of them have been bored in states east of the Appalachian Mountains and many cities now obtain their supply of water from them. They are also used extensively for irrigation. Some wells are very deep. One in Pittsburgh, Pa., is 4,625 feet and one in Galveston, Texas is over 3000 feet deppt. The deepest well in the world, at Leipzig, Germany, has a depth of 5735 feet. --- THE WORLD BOOK---“ “When several wells are bored in the same vicinity, the flow from each may be diminished, but the total discharge will increase until the limits of supply is reached. This well illustrated in the wells bored in the London basin which in 1838 gave a total daily supply of 6,000,000 gallons; in 1881 with a larger number of borings, the supply was about doubled while the force had diminished very markedly; also, in Denver, Colorado, where some years ago there were many flowing wells, which yielded water in large volume and with sufficient hear to rise to the upper floors of the buildings. As wells multiplied, the head and volume decreased so that in 1916 all wells in the center of the city had to be pumped and artesian water was available only in the lower parts of some of the surrounding country. The depth at which artesian water may be found, depends entirely upon local conditions. In the Paris basin the water bearing stratum is usually encountered at a depth exceeding 1500 feet. The famous well at Grenelle, near Paris was begun in 1833 and operations were continued until 1841, when, at a depth of 1797 feet, the water poured out with great force at the rate of 800,000 gallons per day. Another noted foreign well is that at Schladenbach near Leipzig with a depth of 5735 feet. In the United States, there are many notable examples of artesian wells. The first boring of great depth was made in St. Louis in 1849-54; a flow of 75 gallons per minute was obtained from a depth of 2200 feet. A well at Louisville Kentucky, in 2066 feet deep yields 330,000 gallons per day. Among other noteworthy wells are the following: Columbus, Ohio 2775 feet; Galveston, Texas, 3071 feet; Charleston, South Carolina, 1250 feet; Pittsburgh, Pa., 4625 feet; Chicago, 710 feet; and Edgemont, South Dakota, where two wells (2965 feet each) yield flows of 1,000,000 gallons a day at a temperature of 100°. The cost of sinking artesian wells varies with the depth mf and the character of the strata encountered. Up to 500 feet ex the cost commonly ranges from $3.00 to $6.00 per feet but below this limit the cost increases in proportion to the depth. The apparatus used in boring does not differ from that employed in sinking for petroleum. The first artesian borings were probably made by the Chinese. In the upper basin of the Yangtae Kiang there are wells 1500 to 3000 feet in depth from which brine for salt manufacture is obtained. This industry has been carried on since a very early period and is an illustration of the comparatively advanced state of progress attained by this people long before the Western nations had developed the mechanical arts beyond the crude stage. ---The Americana---“ View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F04_29_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Models and modelmaking; Water wells
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Portrait of Arthur Smith Jackson, professor at Wilberforce University. Jackson held degrees from Paul Quinn College and Wilberforce University and was elected secretary of education by the general conference in Kansas City. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: NAM_P2_B05F08_S
Subjects: Historical Black Colleges and Universities; Wilberforce University; African American men; African American women; African American Educators
Places: Wilberforce (Ohio); Greene County (Ohio); Waco (Texas)
 

Description: This carte de visite photograph shows General Charles Griffin, from the William T. Sherman Photograph Album, ca. 1865-1880. Griffin is pictured standing next to a chair, wearing a dress frock coat with buttons and shoulder boards indicating his military rank. He is holding an officer's hat in his right hand. The chair features intricate carving in an abstract floral design along its side rail. Charles Griffin was born on December 18, 1825, in Granville, Ohio. He graduated 23rd out of 38 in his class at the United States Military Academy, and went on to serve in both the Mexican-American War and the American Civil War. During the Civil War, he was promoted to the rank of Major General, and commanded troops at numerous engagements including the Battle of Antietam, the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Battle of Chancellorsville and the Battle of Gettysburg. He died on September 15, 1867 in Galveston, Texas. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04331
Subjects: Generals--United States; Ohio History--Military Ohio; Ohio--History--Civil War, 1861-1865; Soldiers; Military officers; Civil War 1861-1865; Soldiers--Ohio--Photographs. United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Photographs
Places: Granville (Ohio); Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of class 44-1-7, the graduating class of 1944 at the Navigation School at Hondo, Texas. C. Walder Parke was made a 2nd Lieutenant on the same day as his graduation. Every graduate except Parke included his signature in pen on this copy of the photograph. Legible names include: Bob Neumer, W. M. Page, George Proctor, Harold Lebo, Floyd Prilliman, Fred Price, Johnny Mathers, Don Nichols, David Pfeiffer, Clarence English, Art Nicholson, Paul Nipper, and Norman Moss. Charles Walder Parke was born on July 28, 1924, and grew up in Shaker Heights, Ohio. He enlisted in the United States Army Air Forces in 1942 intending to be a pilot during WWII, but spent most of his military career as a navigator on B-17 Flying Fortresses in the 94th Bombardment Group. Parke earned two Bronze Stars, an Air Medal with several Oak Leaf Clusters, and the Distinguished Flying Cross for his successful bombing missions, including some over Berlin. He is best known for being on board a B-17 which was shot down over France by German planes on June 25, 1944, during a non-combat mission. The crew managed to make an emergency landing, and everyone inside survived. After the war, Parke founded the Cleveland-based Laurel Industries Inc., which became a prominent supplier of antimony oxide to the plastics industry. He died of Lou-Gehrig’s Disease on September 15, 1996, at the age of 72. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: MSS1510_B03F02_018
Subjects: Navigation School (Hondo Army Air Field, Texas); Parke, Charles Walder, 1924-1996; Flight navigators, Military; Signatures (Writing)
Places: Hondo (Texas); Medina County (Texas)
 

Description: Original description reads: "Steel Mills along the Cuyahoga. Plant of American Steel and Wire Co. in Cleveland's flats." In 1899, numerous barbwire production companies merged together to form the American Steel and Wire Company. These businesses included ones in Texas, Illinois, Massachusetts, Ohio, and several other states. By amassing all of these firms into a single company, it was possible to limit barbwire's production. They could also drive competitors out of business by cutting the product's price. In 1901, the U.S. Steel Corporation purchased the American Steel and Wire Company and operated the company as one of its subsidiaries. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B04F08_18_01
Subjects: Steel-works--Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga River (Ohio)
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse side of Ephraim S. Holloway's portrait mounted on a carte de visite. Ephraim S Holloway was a Captain in the 41st Ohio Volunteer Infantry during the Civil War. The 41st was organized in Cleveland, recruiting men from Cuyahoga, Trumbull and Geauga counties. They saw action at Shiloh, Corinth, Chickmauga, Mission Ridge, Atlanta and Nashville, and were mustered out in San Antonio, Texas, in November 1865. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL03715
Subjects: 41st Ohio Volunteer Infantry (O.V.I.); Civil War 1861-1865; Portrait photography--United States--History
Places: Columbiana (Ohio); Columbiana County (Ohio)